Institute of Neuroscience Faculty

Our laboratory focuses on understanding the mechanisms that regulate the differentiation of neurons. We study how the specific properties of different kinds of neurons are regulated.

We use zebrafish and a combination of anatomical, physiological, molecular, and genetic techniques. The goal of our research is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the establishment of specific neuronal cell fates during normal development and what goes wrong during disease.

Current projects include understanding the molecular genetics of ear and eye and development, especially as models of human disease. In particular, we are making and studying models of human Usher syndrome, the leading cause of deafblindness..

Publications

Bradford, Y., T. Conlin, N. Dunn, D. Fashena, K. Frazer, D.G. Howe, J. Knight, P. Mani, R. Martin, S.A. Moxon, H. Paddock, C. Pich, S. Ramachandran, B.J. Ruef, L. Ruzicka, H. Bauer Schaper, K. Schaper, X. Shao, A. Singer, J. Sprague, B. Sprunger, C. Van Slyke, and M. Westerfield. (2011). ZFIN: enhancements and updates to the Zebrafish Model Organism Database. Nucleic Acids Res, 39(Database issue), D822-9.

Detrich, H.W., 3rd, M. Westerfield, and L.I. Zon. (2011). The zebrafish: cellular and developmental biology, part B. Methods Cell Biol, 101.

Murray KN, Bauer J, Tallen A, Matthews JL, Westerfield M, Varga ZM. (2011). Characterization and management of asymptomatic Mycobacterium infections at the Zebrafish International Resource Center. Comp. Med. (in press).

Murray KN, Dreska M, Nasiadka A, Rinne M, Matthews JL, Carmichael C, Bauer J, Varga ZM, Westerfield M. (2011). Transmission, diagnosis, and recommendations for control of Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) facilities. Comp. Med. (in press).

Phillips, J.B., B. Blanco-Sanchez, J.J. Lentz, A. Tallafuss, K. Khanobdee, S. Sampath, Z.G. Jacobs, P.F. Han, M. Mishra, D.S. Williams, B.J. Keats, P. Washbourne, and M. Westerfield. (2011). Harmonin (ush1c) is required in Müller glial cells for photoreceptor synaptic development and function in the zebrafish. Dis. Models Mech. 4, 000-000 doi:10.1242/dmm.006429.

DeLaurier, A., B.F. Eames, B. Blanco-Sanchez, G. Peng, X. He, M.E. Swartz, B. Ullmann, M. Westerfield, and C.B. Kimmel. (2010). Zebrafish sp7:EGFP: a transgenic for studying otic vesicle formation, skeletogenesis, and bone regeneration. Genesis, 48(8), 505-11.

Detrich, H.W., 3rd, M. Westerfield, and L.I. Zon. (2010). The Zebrafish: Cellular and Developmental Biology, Part A. Methods Cell Biol, 100. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 347.

Detrich, H.W., 3rd, M. Westerfield, and L.I. Zon. (2010). The Zebrafish: Cellular and Developmental Biology, Part A. Preface. Methods Cell Biol, 100, xiii.

Ebermann, I., J.B. Phillips, M.C. Liebau, R.K. Koenekoop, B. Schermer, I. Lopez, E. Schafer, A.F. Roux, C. Dafinger, A. Bernd, E. Zrenner, M. Claustres, B. Blanco, G. Nurnberg, P. Nurnberg, R. Ruland, M. Westerfield, T. Benzing, and H.J. Bolz. (2010). PDZD7 is a modifier of retinal disease and a contributor to digenic Usher syndrome. J Clin Invest, 120(6), 1812-23.

Zhang, C., Y. Song, D.A. Thompson, M.A. Madonna, G.L. Millhauser, S. Toro, Z. Varga, M. Westerfield, J. Gamse, W. Chen, and R.D. Cone. (2010). Pineal-specific agouti protein regulates teleost background adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107(47), 20164-71.

Dahdul, W.M., Balhoff, J.P., Engeman, J., Grande, T., Hilton, E.J., Kothari, C., Lapp, H., Lundberg, J.G., Midford, P.E., Vision, T.J., Westerfield, M., and Mabee, P.M. (2010) Evolutionary characters, phenotypes and ontologies: curating data from the systematic biology literature. PLoS One. 5(5):e10708 PDF

• Dahdul, W.M., Lundberg, J.G., Midford, P.E., Balhoff, J.P., Lapp, H., Vision, T.J., Haendel, M.A., Westerfield, M., and Mabee, P.M. (2010) The teleost anatomy ontology: anatomical representation for the genomics age. Syst. Biol.. 59(4):369-383 PDF
• Delaurier, A., Eames, B.F., Blanco-Sánchez, B., Peng, G., He, X., Swartz, M.E., Ullmann, B., Westerfield, M., and Kimmel, C.B. (2010) Zebrafish sp7:EGFP: A transgenic for studying otic vesicle formation, skeletogenesis, and bone regeneration. Genesis PDF
• Ebermann, I., Phillips, J.B., Liebau, M.C., Koenekoop, R.K., Schermer, B., Lopez, I., Schäfer, E., Roux, A.F., Dafinger, C., Bernd, A., Zrenner, E., Claustres, M., Blanco, B., Nürnberg, G., Nürnberg, P., Ruland, R., Westerfield, M., Benzing, T., and Bolz, H.J. (2010) PDZD7 is a modifier of retinal disease and a contributor to digenic Usher syndrome. J. Clin. Invest.. 120(6):1812-1823 PDF
• Carmichael, C., Westerfield, M., and Varga, Z.M. (2009) Cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization at the zebrafish international resource center. Methods Mol. Biol.. 546:45-65 PDF
• Ochi, H., and Westerfield, M. (2009) Lbx2 regulates formation of myofibrils. BMC Dev. Biol.. 9:13 PDF
• Ramsay, J.M., Feist, G.W., Varga, Z.M., Westerfield, M., Kent, M.L., and Schreck, C.B. (2009) Whole-body cortisol response of zebrafish to acute net handling stress. Aquaculture. 297(1-4):157-162 PDF
• Toro, S., Wegner, J., Muller, M., Westerfield, M., and Varga, Z.M. (2009) Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Gene Expr. Patterns. 9(4):200-208 PDF
• Viktorin, G., Chiuchitu, C., Rissler, M., Varga, Z.M., and Westerfield, M. (2009) Emx3 is required for the differentiation of dorsal telencephalic neurons. Dev. Dyn.. 238(8):1984-1998 PDF
• Washington, N.L., Haendel, M.A., Mungall, C.J., Ashburner, M., Westerfield, M., and Lewis, S.E. (2009) Linking Human Diseases to Animal Models Using Ontology-Based Phenotype Annotation. PLoS Biol.. 7(11):e1000247 PDF
• Dutta, S., Dietrich, J.E., Westerfield, M., and Varga, Z.M. (2008) Notch signaling regulates endocrine cell specification in the zebrafish anterior pituitary. Dev. Biol.. 319(2):248-257 PDF
• Ochi, H., Hans, S., and Westerfield, M. (2008) Smarcd3 regulates the timing of zebrafish myogenesis onset. J. Biol. Chem.. 283(6):3529-3536 PDF
• Rotllant, J., Liu, D., Yan, Y.L., Postlethwait, J.H., Westerfield, M., and Du, S.J. (2008) Sparc (Osteonectin) functions in morphogenesis of the pharyngeal skeleton and inner ear. Matrix Biol.. 27(6):561-572 PDF
• Sprague, J., Bayraktaroglu, L., Bradford, Y., Conlin, T., Dunn, N., Fashena, D., Frazer, K., Haendel, M., Howe, D.G., Knight, J., Mani, P., Moxon, S.A., Pich, C., Ramachandran, S., Schaper, K., Segerdell, E., Shao, X., Singer, A., Song, P., Sprunger, B., Van Slyke, C.E., and Westerfield, M. (2008) The Zebrafish Information Network: the zebrafish model organism database provides expanded support for genotypes and phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Res.. 36:D768-772 PDF
• Chen, Y.H., Wang, Y.H., Chang, M.Y., Lin, C.Y., Weng, C.W., Westerfield, M., and Tsai, H.J. (2007) Multiple upstream modules regulate zebrafish myf5 expression. BMC Dev. Biol.. 7(1):1 PDF
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• Hans, S., and Westerfield, M. (2007) Changes in retinoic acid signaling alter otic patterning. Development. 134(13):2449-2458 PDF
• Hans, S., Christison, J., Liu, D., and Westerfield, M. (2007) Fgf-dependent otic induction requires competence provided by Foxi1 and Dlx3b. BMC Dev. Biol.. 7(1):5 PDF
• Mabee, P.M., Arratia, G., Coburn, M., Haendel, M., Hilton, E.J., Lundberg, J.G., Mayden, R.L., Rios, N., and Westerfield, M. (2007) Connecting evolutionary morphology to genomics using ontologies: a case study from Cypriniformes including zebrafish. J. Exp. Zoolog. B Mol. Dev. Evol.. 308(5):655-668 PDF
• Mabee, P.M., Ashburner, M., Cronk, Q., Gkoutos, G.V., Haendel, M., Segerdell, E., Mungall, C., and Westerfield, M. (2007) Phenotype ontologies: the bridge between genomics and evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol.. 22(7):345-350 PDF
• Nixon, S.J., Carter, A., Wegner, J., Ferguson, C., Floetenmeyer, M., Riches, J., Key, B., Westerfield, M., and Parton, R.G. (2007) Caveolin-1 is required for lateral line neuromast and notochord development. J. Cell Sci.. 120(13):2151-2161 PDF
• Ochi, H., and Westerfield, M. (2007) Signaling networks that regulate muscle development: lessons from zebrafish. Dev. Growth Differ.. 49(1):1-11 PDF
• Schlueter, P.J., Peng, G., Westerfield, M., and Duan, C. (2007) Insulin-like growth factor signaling regulates zebrafish embryonic growth and development by promoting cell survival and cell cycle progression. Cell Death Differ.. 14(6):1095-1105 PDF
• Ochi, H., Pearson, B.J., Chuang, P.T., Hammerschmidt, M., and Westerfield, M. (2006) Hhip regulates zebrafish muscle development by both sequestering Hedgehog and modulating localization of Smoothened. Dev. Biol.. 297(1):127-140 PDF
• Peng, G., and Westerfield, M. (2006) Lhx5 promotes forebrain development and activates transcription of secreted Wnt antagonists. Development. 133(16):3191-3200 PDF
• Ramsay, J.M., Feist, G.W., Varga, Z.M., Westerfield, M., Kent, M.L., and Schreck, C.B. (2006) Whole-body cortisol is an indicator of crowding stress in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Aquaculture. 258(1-4):565-574 PDF
• Sprague, J., Bayraktaroglu, L., Clements, D., Conlin, T., Fashena, D., Frazer, K., Haendel, M., Howe, D.G., Mani, P., Ramachandran, S., Schaper, K., Segerdell, E., Song, P., Sprunger, B., Taylor, S., Van Slyke, C.E., and Westerfield, M. (2006) The Zebrafish Information Network: the zebrafish model organism database. Nucleic Acids Res.. 34:D581-585 PDF
• Dutta, S., Dietrich, J.E., Aspock, G., Burdine, R.D., Schier, A., Westerfield, M., and Varga, Z.M. (2005) pitx3 defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary placode. Development. 132(7):1579-1590 PDF
• Nixon, S.J., Wegner, J., Ferguson, C., Méry, P.F., Hancock, J.F., Currie, P.D., Key, B., Westerfield, M., and Parton, R.G. (2005) Zebrafish as a model for caveolin-associated muscle disease; caveolin-3 is required for myofibril organization and muscle cell patterning. Hum. Mol. Genet.. 14(13):1727-1743 PDF
• Wang-Buhler, J.L., Lee, S.J., Chung, W.G., Stevens, J.F., Tseng, H.P., Hseu, T.H., Hu, C.H., Westerfield, M., Yang, Y.H., Miranda, C.L., and Buhler, D.R. (2005) CYP2K6 from zebrafish (Danio rerio): Cloning, mapping, developmental/tissue expression, and aflatoxin B1 activation by baculovirus expressed enzyme. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol.. 140(2):207-219 PDF
• Yan, Y.L., Willoughby, J., Liu, D., Crump, J.G., Wilson, C., Miller, C.T., Singer, A., Kimmel, C., Westerfield, M., and Postlethwait, J.H. (2005) A pair of Sox: distinct and overlapping functions of zebrafish sox9 co-orthologs in craniofacial and pectoral fin development. Development. 132(5):1069-1083 PDF
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• Hans, S., Liu, D., and Westerfield, M. (2004) Pax8 and Pax2a function synergistically in otic specification, downstream of the Foxi1 and Dlx3b transcription factors. Development. 131(20):5091-5102 PDF
• Henrich, T., Ramialison, M., Segerdell, E., Westerfield, M., Furutani-Seiki, M., Wittbrodt, J., Kondoh, H. (2004) GSD: a genetic screen database. Mech. Dev.. 121(7-8):959-963 PDF
• Hirsinger, E., Stellabotte, F., Devoto, S.H., and Westerfield, M. (2004) Hedgehog signaling is required for commitment but not initial induction of slow muscle precursors. Dev. Biol.. 275(1):143-157 PDF
• Jensen, A.M., and Westerfield, M. (2004) Zebrafish Mosaic Eyes Is a Novel FERM Protein Required for Retinal Lamination and Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Tight Junction Formation. Curr. Biol.. 14(8):711-717 PDF
• Wiellette, E., Grinblat, Y., Austen, M., Hirsinger, E., Amsterdam, A., Walker, C., Westerfield, M., and Sive, H. (2004) Combined haploid and insertional mutation screen in the zebrafish. Genesis. 40(4):231-240 PDF
• Liu, D., Chu, H., Maves, L., Yan, Y.-L., Morcos, P.A., Postlethwait, J.H., and Westerfield, M. (2003) Fgf3 and Fgf8 dependent and independent transcription factors are required for otic placode specification. Development. 130(10):2213-2224 PDF
• Sprague, J., Clements, D., Conlin, T., Edwards, P., Frazer, K., Schaper, K., Segerdell, E., Song, P., Sprunger, B., and Westerfield, M. (2003) The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN): the zebrafish model organism database. Nucleic Acids Res.. 31(1):241-243 PDF
• Yan, Y.-L., Miller, C.T., Nissen, R.M., Singer, A., Liu, D., Kirn, A., Draper, B., Willoughby, J., Morcos, P.A., Amsterdam, A., Chung, B.-C., Westerfield, M., Haffter, P., Hopkins, N., Kimmel, C., and Postlethwait, J.H. (2002) A zebrafish sox9 gene required for cartilage morphogenesis. Development. 129(21):5065-5079 PDF
• Hawkins, W.E., Clark, M.S., Shima, A., Walter, R.B., Winn, R.N., and Westerfield, M. (2001) Four resource centers for fishes: specifies, stocks, and services. Mar. Biotechnol.. 3:S239-S248 PDF
• Hirsinger, E. and Westerfield, M. (2001) Segregation of zebrafish muscle lineages: lineage relationships and cellular commitment. Dev. Biol.. 235(1):180 (#40) PDF
• Jensen, A.M. and Westerfield, M. (2001) Zebrafish mosaic eyes gene is required for tight junction formation in the retinal pigmented epithelium. Dev. Biol.. 235(1):181 (#46) PDF
• Jensen, A.M., Walker, C., and Westerfield, M. (2001) mosaic eyes: a zebrafish gene required in pigmented epithelium for apical localization of retinal cell division and lamination. Development. 128(1):95-105 PDF
• Sprague, J., Doerry, E., Douglas, S., Westerfield, M., and ZFIN GRP, (Conlin, T., Clements, D., Edwards, P., Frazer, K., Schaper, K., Segerdell, E.) (2001) The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN): a resource for genetic, genomic and developmental research. Nucleic Acids Res.. 29(1):87-90 PDF
• Varga, Z.M., Amores, A., Lewis, K.E., Yan, Y.-L., Postlethwait, J.H., Eisen, J.S., and Westerfield, M. (2001) Zebrafish smoothened functions in ventral neural tube specification and axon tract formation. Development. 128(18):3497-3509 PDF
• Whitlock, K.E. and Westerfield, M. (2000) The olfactory placodes of the zebrafish form by convergence of cellular fields at the edge of the neural plate. Development. 127(17):3645-3653 PDF
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• Appel, B., Fritz, A., Westerfield, M., Grunwald, D.J., Eisen, J.S., and Riley, B.B. (1999) Delta-mediated specification of midline cell fates in zebrafish embryos. Curr. Biol.. 9:247-256 PDF
• Detrich, H.W. III, Westerfield, M., and Zon, L.I. (1999) Overview of the zebrafish system. In The Zebrafish: Biology. H.W. Detrich, L.I. Zon, and M. Westerfield, eds. Methods Cell Biol.. 59:3-10 PDF
• Detrich, H.W. III, Westerfield, M., and Zon, L.I., eds. (1999) The Zebrafish: Biology. San Diego: Academic Press, Methods Cell Biol.. 59:391 PDF
• Detrich, H.W. III, Westerfield, M., and Zon, L.I., eds. (1999) The Zebrafish: Genetics and Genomics. San Diego: Academic Press. 60:407 PDF
• Fashena, D. and Westerfield, M. (1999) Secondary motoneuron axons localize DM-GRASP on their fasciculated segments. J. Comp. Neurol.. 406(3):415-424 PDF
• Varga, Z.M., Wegner, J., and Westerfield, M. (1999) Anterior movement of ventral diencephalic precursors separates the primordial eye field in the neural plate and requires cyclops. Development. 126:5533-5546 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Doerry, E., and Douglas, S. (1999) Zebrafish in the net. Trends Genet.. 15(6):248-249 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Doerry, E., Kirkpatrick, A.E., and Douglas, S.A. (1999) Zebrafish informatics and the ZFIN database. In The Zebrafish: Genetics and Genomics, H.W. Detrich, III, M. Westerfield, and L.I. Zon, eds., San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Methods Cell Biol.. 60:339-355 PDF
• Amores, A., Force, A., Yan, Y.-L. Joly, L., Amemiya, C., Fritz, A., Ho, R., Langeland, J., Prince, V., Wang, Y.-L., Westerfield, M., Ekker, M., and Postlethwait, J.H. (1998) Zebrafish hox clusters and vertebrate genome evolution. Science.. 282:1711-1714 PDF
• Doerry, E., Douglas, S.A., Kirkpatrick, A.E., and Westerfield, M. (1998) The zebrafish information network project. Interactions. 3:69 PDF
• Houart, C., M. Westerfield, and S.W. Wilson (1998) A small population of anterior cells patterns the forebrain during gastrulation. Nature. 391:788-792 PDF
• Postlethwait, J.H, Yan, Y.-L., Gates, M.A., Horne, S., Amores, A., Brownlie, A., Donovan, A., Egan, E.S., Force, A., Gong, Z., Goutel, C., Fritz, A., Kelsh, R., Knapik, E., Liao, E., Paw, B., Ransom, D., Singer, A., Thomson, M., Abduljabbar, T.S., Yelick, P., Beier, D., Joly, J.-S., Larhammar, D., Rosa, F., Westerfield, M., Zon, L.I., Johnson, S.L., and Talbot, W.S. (1998) Vertebrate genome evolution and the zebrafish gene map. Nature Genet.. 18:345-349 PDF
• Sepich, D.S., Wegner, J., O'Shea, S., and Westerfield, M. (1998) An altered intron inhibits synthesis of the acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit in the paralyzed zebrafish mutant nic1. Genetics. 184:361-372 PDF
• Whitlock, K.E. and Westerfield, M. (1998) A transient population of neurons pioneers the olfactory pathway in the zebrafish. J. Neurosci.. 18:8919-8927 PDF
• Doerry, E., Douglas, S., Kirkpatrick, T., and Westerfield, M. (1997) Moving beyond html to create a multimedia database with user-centered design: a case study of a biological database. Tech. Report CIS-TR-97-02, Computer and Information Science Department, University of Oregon. PDF
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• Doerry, E., Douglas, S.A., Kirkpatrick, A.E., and Westerfield, M. (1997) Participatory design for widely-distributed scientific communities. Proc. 3rd Conf. Human Factors and the Web. PDF
• Doerry, E., Kirkpatrick, A.E., Douglas, S.A., and Westerfield, M. (1997) Task-centered Navigation in a Web-accessible Data Space. AACE/WebNet97 conference on WWW, Internet, and Intranet, Toronto, Canada, Nov. 1,1997. PDF
• Du, S.J., S.H. Devoto, M. Westerfield, and R.T. Moon (1997) Positive and negative regulation of muscle cell identity by members of the hedgehog and TGF-b gene families. J. Cell Biol.. 139:145-156 PDF
• Ekker, M., Akimenko, M.-A., Allende, M.L., Smith, R., Drouin, G., Langille, R.M., Weinberg, E.S., and Westerfield, M. (1997) Relationships among msx gene structure and function in zebrafish and other vertebrates. Mol. Biol. Evol.. 14:1008-1022 PDF
• Fishman, M., D.Y. Stainier, R. Breitbart, and M. Westerfield (1997) Zebrafish: Genetic and embryological methods in a transparent vertebrate embryo. Methods Cell Biol.. 52:67-82 PDF
• Melançon, E., Liu, D.W.C., Westerfield, M., and Eisen, J.S. (1997) Pathfinding by identified zebrafish motoneurons in the absence of muscle pioneers. J. Neurosci.. 17(20):7796-7804 PDF
• Westerfield, M., E. Doerry, A.E. Kirkpatrick, W. Driever, and S.A. Douglas (1997) An on-line database for zebrafish development and genetics research. Sem. Cell Dev. Biol.. 8:477-488 PDF
• Devoto, S.H., Melancon, E., Amacher, S.L., Eisen, J.S., and Westerfield, M. (1996) Influence of axial mesoderm on the development of slow muscle precursors. Dev. Biol.. 175(2):386 PDF
• Devoto, S.H., Melancon, E., Eisen, J.S., and Westerfield, M. (1996) Identification of separate slow and fast muscle precursor cells in vivo, prior to somite formation. Development. 122(11):3371-3380 PDF
• Fritz, A., Rozowski, M., Walker, C., and Westerfield, M. (1996) Identification of selected gamma-ray induced deficiencies in zebrafish using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Genetics. 144(4):1735-1745 PDF
• Akimenko, M.A., Johnson, S.L., Westerfield, M., and Ekker, M. (1995) Differential induction of four msx homeobox genes during fin development and regeneration in zebrafish. Development. 121:347-357 PDF
• Westerfield, M. (1995) The Zebrafish Book. A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio rerio), 3rd Edition. Eugene, OR, University of Oregon Press,. 385 PDF
• Akimenko, M.A., Ekker, M., Wegner, J., Lin, W., and Westerfield, M. (1994) Combinatorial expression of three zebrafish genes related to distal-less: part of a homeobox gene code for the head. J. Neurosci.. 14:3475-3486 PDF
• Reinhard, E., Nedivi, E., Wegner, J., Skene, J.H.P., and Westerfield, M. (1994) Neural selective activation and temporal regulation of a mammalian GAP-43 promoter in zebrafish. Development. 120:1767-1775 PDF
• Sepich, D.S., Ho, R.K., and Westerfield, M. (1994) Autonomous expression of the nic1 acetylcholine receptor mutation in zebrafish muscle cells. Dev. Biol.. 161:84-90 PDF
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• Westerfield, M. (1993) The Zebrafish Book; A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). University of Oregon Press, Eugene,2nd edition. 300P PDF
• Westerfield, M. and Liu, D.W. (1993) Cellular interactions regulating the formation of terminal arbors by primary motoneurons in the zebrafish. In Cell-Cell Signaling in Vertebrate PDF
• Development, E. Robertson, F.R. Maxfield, and H.J. Vogel, eds., Academic Press. 113-122
• Westerfield, M., Akimenko, M.A., Ekker, M., and Püschel, A. (1993) Eyes, ears and homeobox genes in zebrafish embryos. In Molecular Basis of Morphogenesis, M. Bernfield, ed., New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Wiley-Liss Division. 67-75 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Stuart, G., and Wegner, J. (1993) Expression of foreign genes in zebrafish embryos. In Devel. Ind. Microbiol., Vol II, William C. Brown, ed., New York. 658-665 PDF
• Ekker, M., Akimenko, M.A., BreMiller, R., and Westerfield, M. (1992) Regional expression of three homeobox transcripts in the inner ear of zebrafish embryos. Neuron. 9:27-35 PDF
• Ekker, M., Fritz, A., and Westerfield, M. (1992) Identification of two families of satellite-like repetitive DNA sequences from the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Genomics. 13:1169-1173 PDF
• Ekker, M., Wegner, J., Akimenko, M.A., and Westerfield, M. (1992) Coordinate embryonic expression of three zebrafish engrailed genes. Development. 116:1001-1010 PDF
• Goff, D.J., Galvin, K., Katz, H., Westerfield, M., Lander, E.S., and Tabin, C.J. (1992) Identification of polymorphic simple sequence repeats in the genome of the zebrafish. Genomics. 14:200-202 PDF
• Liu, D.W. and Westerfield, M. (1992) Clustering of muscle acetylcholine receptors requires motoneurons in live embryos but not in cell culture. J. Neurosci.. 12:1859-1866 PDF
• Püschel, A.W., Gruss, P., and Westerfield, M. (1992) Sequence and expression pattern of pax-6 are highly conserved between zebrafish and mice. Development. 114:643-651 PDF
• Püschel, A.W., Westerfield, M., and Dressler, G.R. (1992) Comparative analysis of Pax-2 protein distributions during neurulation in mice and zebrafish. Mech. Dev.. 38:197-208 PDF
• Westerfield, M. (1992) Zebrafish Hox and Pax genes. Neurosci. Facts. 3:3 PDF

• Westerfield, M. (1992) Motor axon pathfinding. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.. 2:28-30 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Wegner, J., Jegalian, B.G., De Robertis, E.M., and Püschel, A.W. (1992) Specific activation of mammalian Hox promoters in mosaic transgenic zebrafish. Genes Dev.. 6:591-598 PDF
• Ekker, M., Akimenko, M.A., BreMiller, R., and Westerfield, M. (1991) Characterization of four homeobox genes expressed in zebrafish neural crest. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 17:924 PDF
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• Hatta, K., BreMiller, R.A., Westerfield, M., and Kimmel, C.B. (1991) Diversity of expression of engrailed-like antigens in zebrafish. Development. 112:821-832 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Wegner, J., Akimenko, M., Ekker, M., Eisen, J., and Halpern, M. (1991) A role for engrailed gene in zebrafish muscle patterning. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 17:761 PDF
• Akimenko, M.A., Ekker, M., and Westerfield, M. (1990) Characterization of three zebrafish genes related to Hox-7. In Developmental Patterning of the Vertebrate Limb, J.R. Hinchliffe, J. Hurle and D. Summerbell, eds., New York: Plenum Press. 61-63 PDF
• Felsenfeld, A.L., Walker, C., Westerfield, M., Kimmel, C., and Streisinger, G. (1990) Mutations affecting skeletal muscle myofibril structure in the zebrafish. Development. 108:443-459 PDF
• Kimmel, C.B. and Westerfield, M. (1990) Primary neurons of the zebrafish. In Signal and Sense, G.M. Edelman, W.E. Gall, and M.W. Cowan, eds., New York: Wiley-Liss. 561-588 PDF
• Liu, D.W.C. and Westerfield, M. (1990) The formation of terminal fields in the absence of competitive interactions among primary motoneurons in the zebrafish. J. Neurosci.. 10:3947-3959 PDF
• Metcalfe, W.K. and Westerfield, M. (1990) Primary motoneurons of the zebrafish. In Systems Approaches to Developmental Neurobiology, P.A. Raymond, S.S. Easter and G.M. Innocenti, eds., NATO ASI Series A,New York: Plenum Press. 192:41-47 PDF
• Stuart, G.W., Vielkind, J.R., McMurray, J.V., and Westerfield, M. (1990) Stable lines of transgenic zebrafish exhibit reproducible patterns of transgene expression. Development. 109:577-584 PDF
• Westerfield, M. (1990) Does the mesoderm induce Hox gene expression in the zebrafish nervous system?. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 16:302 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Liu, D.W., Kimmel, C.B., and Walker, C. (1990) Pathfinding and synapse formation in a zebrafish mutant lacking functional acetylcholine receptors. Neuron. 4:867-874 PDF
• Debu B., Frost, D., Westerfield M., Eisen J.S. (1989) Patterning of primary motoneuron axonal outgrowth by extracellular matrix molecules in zebrafish embryos. Soc. Dev. Biol. Mtg. Abstr. PDF
• Hanneman, E. and Westerfield, M. (1989) Early expression of acetylcholinesterase activity in functionally distinct neurons of the zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol.. 284:350-361 PDF
• Liu, D.W. and Westerfield, M. (1989) Primary motoneurons instruct muscle acetylcholine receptor placement but receptors don't instruct motoneuronal synapse placement in live zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 15:1262 PDF
• Stuart, G.W., McMurray, J.V., and Westerfield, M. (1989) Germ-line transformation of the zebrafish. In Gene Transfer and Gene Therapy, A.L. Beaudet, R. Mulligan, and I. M. Verma, eds., New York, NY, USA: Alan R. Liss, Inc.. 19-28 PDF
• Westerfield, M. (1989) The Zebrafish Book; A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). University of Oregon Press, Eugene. PDF
• Westerfield, M. (1989) Establishment of cell-specific differences among primary motoneurons in the zebrafish. In The Assembly of the Nervous System. Landmesser, L.T., ed., New York, NY, USA: Alan R. Liss, Inc.. 189-198 PDF
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• Bass, M.B. and Westerfield, M. (1988) Purification of neuron-specific antigens from zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 14:1267 PDF
• Frost, D., Debu B., Eisen J.S., and Westerfield M. (1988) Axonal outgrowth in embryonic zebrafish is perturbed by ectopic localization of fibronectin in vivo. Soc. Dev. Biol. Mtg. Abstr. PDF
• Grunwald, D.J., Kimmel, C.B., Westerfield, M., Walker, C., and Streisinger, G. (1988) A neural degeneration mutation that spares primary neurons in the zebrafish. Dev. Biol.. 126:115-128 PDF
• Hanneman, E., Trevarrow, B., Metcalfe, W.K., Kimmel, C.B., and Westerfield, M. (1988) Segmental pattern of development of the hindbrain and spinal cord of the zebrafish embryo. Development. 103:49-58 PDF
• Liu, D.W. and Westerfield, M. (1988) Function of identified motoneurones and co-ordination of primary and secondary motor systems during zebra fish swimming. J. Physiol. Lond.. 403:73-89 PDF
• Stuart, G.W., McMurray, J.V., and Westerfield, M. (1988) Germ-line transformation of the zebrafish Brachydanio-rerio. J. Cell. Biochem.. (Suppl.) 12:195 PDF
• Stuart, G.W., McMurray, J.V., and Westerfield, M. (1988) Replication, integration and stable germ-line transmission of foreign sequences injected into early zebrafish embryos. Development. 103:403-412 PDF
• Westerfield, M. and Eisen, J.S. (1988) Neuromuscular specificity: pathfinding by identified motor growth cones in a vertebrate embryo. Trends Neurosci.. 11:18-22 PDF
• Liu, D.W. and Westerfield, M. (1987) The formation of terminal fields by identified motoneurons in the zebrafish. Anim. Behav.. 35:1875-1882 PDF
• Westerfield, M. (1987) Substrate interactions affecting motor growth cone guidance during development and regeneration. J. Exp. Biol.. 132:161-176 PDF
• Westerfield, M. and Eisen, J.S. (1987) Common mechanisms of growth cone guidance during axonal pathfinding. In From Message to Mind: New Directions in the Developmental Neurobiology, Sinauer Assoc.. 110-120 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Kimmel, C.B., and Walker, C. (1987) Normal pathfinding by pioneer motor growth cones in mutant zebrafish lacking functional acetylcholine receptors. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 13:5 PDF
• Eisen, J.S., Myers, P.Z., and Westerfield, M. (1986) Pathway selection by growth cones of identified motoneurones in live zebra fish embryos. Nature. 320(6059):269-271 PDF
• Felsenfeld, A. and Westerfield, M. (1986) Normal pathfinding and synapse formation by motoneurons in a non-motile mutant zebrafish embryo. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 147:12 PDF
• Frost, D. and Westerfield, M. (1986) Axonal outgrowth of embryonic zebrafish neurons is promoted by laminin and inhibited by fibronectin. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 12:1114 PDF
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• Liu, D. and Westerfield, M. (1986) Coactivation of two motor systems in the zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 2:790 PDF
• Myers, P.Z., Eisen, J.S., and Westerfield, M. (1986) Development and axonal outgrowth of identified motoneurons in the zebrafish. J. Neurosci.. 6:2278-2289 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Eisen, J.S., Myers, P.Z., McMurray, J.V., and Kimmel, C.B. (1986) Early neurogenesis in the zebrafish. Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci.. 16:20 PDF
• Westerfield, M., McMurray, J.V., and Eisen, J.S. (1986) Identified motoneurons and their innervation of axial muscles in the zebrafish. J. Neurosci.. 6:2267-2277 PDF
• Eisen, J.S., Myers, P.Z., and Westerfield, M. (1985) Functional interactions between identified growth cones and muscles in embryonic zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 11:586 PDF
• Kimmel, C.B., Grunwald, D.J., Walker, C., Westerfield, M., and Streisinger, G. (1985) Neuronal degeneration mutations that spare primary neurons in the zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 11:647 PDF
• Westerfield, M. and Eisen, J.S. (1985) The growth of motor axons in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. Dev. Biol.. 109:96-121 PDF
• Eisen, J.S., Myers, P.Z., and Westerfield, M. (1984) Segmentally specific growth of motor axons in live zebrafish embryos. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 10:371 PDF
• Hanneman, E. and Westerfield, M. (1984) Identified neurons produce acetylcholinesterase before they sprout axons in the zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 10:1043 PDF
• Westerfield, M., Myers, P.Z., and Eisen, J.S. (1984) Polyneuronal and intersegmental innervation of body muscles in the zebrafish. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.. 10:371 PDF
• Non-Zebrafish Publications
• Westerfield, M., and J.S. Eisen. (1985). The growth of motor axons in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. Devel. Biol. 109:96-121.
• Powell, S.L., and M. Westerfield. (1984). The absence of specific dye coupling among frog spinal cord neurons. Brain Res. 294:9-14.
• Westerfield, M., and S.L. Powell. (1983). Selective reinnervation of limb muscles by regenerating frog motor axons. Devel. Brain Res. 10:301-304.
• Frank, E., and M. Westerfield. (1983). Development of sensory-motor synapses in the spinal cord of the frog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 343:593-610.
• Moore, J.W., N. Stockbridge and M. Westerfield. (1983). On the site of impulse initiation in a neurone. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 336:301-311.
• Moore, J.W., and M. Westerfield. (1983). Action potential propagation and threshold parameters in inhomogeneous regions of squid axons. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 336:285-300.
• Westerfield, M., and E. Frank. (1982). Specificity of electrical coupling among neurons innervating forelimb muscles of the adult bullfrog. J. Neurophysiol. 48:904-913.
• Westerfield., M., and R.W. Joyner. (1982). Postsynaptic factors controlling the shape of potentials at the squid giant synapse. Neuroscience. 7:1367-1376.
• Frank, E., and M. Westerfield. (1982). The formation of appropriate central and peripheral connexions by foreign sensory neurones of the bullfrog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 324:495-505.
• Frank, E., and M. Westerfield. (1982). Synaptic organization of sensory and motor neurones innervating triceps brachii muscles in the bullfrog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 324:479-494.
• Joyner, R.W., and M. Westerfield. (1982). The effects of rectification on synaptic efficacy. Biophys. J. 38:3946.
• Westerfield, M. and H.D. Lux. (1982). Calcium activated potassium conductance noise in snail neurons. J. Neurobiol. 12:507-517.
• Gage, P.W., J.W. Moore and M. Westerfield. (1976) An octopus toxin, maculotoxin, selectively blocks sodium current in squid axon. J. Physiol. (Lond.). 259:427-443.
• Joyner, R.W., M. Westerfield and J.W. Moore. (1980). The effects of cellular geometry on current flow during action potential propagation. Biophys. J. 31:183-194.
• Westerfield, M., J.W. Moore, Y.S. Kim and G. Padilla. (1977). How Gymnodinium breve red tide toxin produces repetitive firing in squid axons. Amer. J. Physiol. 232:23-29.
• Westerfield, M., and H.D. Lux. (1979). Two components of membrane conductance noise in snail neuronal somata. Neurosci. Lett. 11:75-80.
• Westerfield, M., R.W. Joyner and J.W. Moore. (1978). Temperature sensitive conduction failure at axon branch points. J. Neurophysiol. 41:1-8.
• Joyner, R.W., M. Westerfield, J.W. Moore and N. Stockbridge. (1978). A numerical method to model excitable cells. Biophys. J. 22:155-170.
• Ramon, F., J.W. Moore, R.W. Joyner and M. Westerfield (1976) Squid giant axon as a model for the neuron soma? Biophys. J. 16:953-963.
• Kim, Y.S., L. Mandel, M. Westerfield, G. Padilla and J.W. Moore. (1975) Effect of Gymnodinium breve toxin(s) on frog skin and giant axon of the squid. Environ. Lett. 9:255-264.

• Department of Biology
• Department of Psychology
• Department of Human Physiology